SEM of Clostridioides difficile bacteria PaLoc Reference: Clostridioides difficile strain 630, DSM 27543, genome GenBank accession number AM180355 Positions 770. A poisonous substance, especially a protein, that is produced by living cells or organisms and is capable of causing disease when introduced into the body tissues but is often also capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies or antitoxins. Avoid fast food or eat it less often. 3. Toxicon: X offers authors with high-quality research who want to publish in a gold open access journal the opportunity to make their work immediately, permanently,. Children breathe more air, drink more water, and eat more food per kilogram of body weight than adults. Ibuprofen can cause serious CNS signs at very high doses. 10. Oxidation often stresses or lyses cyanobacteria cells releasing the cyanotoxin to the water. Sweating it out. Detox foot pads are an over-the-counter (OTC) product that claims to remove toxins from the body while you rest at night. Like the ocean, tears are saltwater. Drinking only juices or. There are no national standards that detail how clean is clean enough for a residential… Drink More Water. Neurotoxicity can result from exposure to substances used in chemotherapy, radiation treatment, drug therapies, and organ transplants, as well as exposure to heavy. Here are six foods, ingredients, or compounds that are worth being concerned about. It can be caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, or Clostridium sordellii. aureus has a high level of antibiotic resistance and is a common cause of infections in hospitals and the community. There are many more effective ways to detox your body naturally. Headache may be a presenting sign of various toxins. Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304) is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to all aspects of toxic chemicals and materials. Detox foot pads are self-adhesive pouches designed to be placed on the soles of the feet overnight. One example is leukocidins, a group of enzymes that destroy white blood cells. Toxins from bacteria. Start your day by waking up with a glass of warm or cold lemon water. Antigens, Bacterial. More than 1,000 chemicals are known to have neurotoxic effects in animals. The mycotoxin fumonisin can infect the corn kernel. Active Journals Find a Journal Proceedings Series. Пацаны. 10. The pathogenicity of Clostridium difficile is mainly mediated by two exotoxins: toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB). Toxin Reviews delivers up-to-date research on toxins, their characteristics, activities, and mechanisms of action, ranging in scope from new, underutilized substances, through anti-venoms to chemical and biological weapons. Unité “Bactéries anaérobies et Toxines”, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, F-75015 Paris, France Interests: bacterial protein toxins; clostridial toxins; pore-forming toxins; cellular uptake of bacterial toxins; Rho-GTPases; interactions of clostridial toxins with the actin cytoskeleton; botulinum neurotoxins; passage of the neurotoxins through the epithelial barrier; regulation. Chemicals and solvents. aureus has a high level of antibiotic resistance and is a common cause of infections in hospitals and the community. The term saxitoxin originates from the genus name of the butter clam from which it was first. Some species of naturally occurring marine algae (phytoplankton) have the ability to produce toxins that can cause consumer illness. , the Wisconsin. 9 hours ago · A 101 East world exclusive with a man convicted of Malaysia’s most shocking murder. The ability of S. These toxins can accumulate in fish and shellfish that feed on these algae. Staphylococcus aureus is a highly successful pathogen that colonizes ~30% of the population asymptomatically, but it is also capable of causing infections ranging from mild skin and soft tissue infections to invasive infections, such as sepsis and pneumonia (). Provided to YouTube by Toxi$DANTE · Toxi$ · Смелянский Андрей Леонидович · Смелянский Андрей Леонидович. Fatigue. Fumonisin. Other liver toxicity symptoms may include: Loss of appetite. , 2014 ). Drinking enough water. 4. Onions 6. 2. Like. , plant and animal sources. For example, under certain. Toxicon: X authors will pay an. Our endocrine. There are different types of blood tests. By morning, the once white foot pads would appear darkened. g. Clearer thinking. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical. “Detoxification”. The toxins could have an immediate effect on your muscles or it might be delayed. You work through the rest of the routine and leave feeling. When S. There are ways to support your body's natural detoxification system, including: Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables. Toxin Definition. Use 2 cups of Epsom salt for a standard-size bathtub with warm water (never more than 101. This diabetes epidemic is well demonstrated in Figure 1. The liver produces bile, a greenish-yellow fluid that is stored in the gallbladder. IFM Director of Medical Education Dan Lukaczer, ND, IFMCP, spoke with integrative medicine leader Joseph Pizzorno, ND, to discuss toxins, toxicants, and chronic diseases. We see how one local non-profit is making sure local seniors get a little bit of both. 4. The protein component determines its foreign (antigenic) nature; the polysaccharide component determines theBacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules are abundant genetic elements that encode a toxin protein capable of inhibiting cell growth and an antitoxin that counteracts the toxin. g. While they are principal to and the most toxic components of the venoms of the Elapidae snake family, their presence has also been detected in the venoms of snakes from other families. Vomitoxin, also known as deoxynivalenol ( DON ), is a type B trichothecene, an epoxy - sesquiterpenoid. aureus produces potent hemolysins. As large fish eat smaller fish, some of these toxins can accumulate to higher levels in large fish at the top of the food chain. [5] The term can also be used to classify compounds, which, when abnormally contacted, can prove neurologically toxic. Ochratoxin A is a mycotoxin produced by certain Aspergillus and Penicillium molds. Several factors have likely contributed to the increase in reported cases, including. Shiga toxins (Stxs) are classic bacterial toxins and major virulence factors of toxigenic <i>Shigella dysenteriae</i> and enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (EHEC). For example, the symptoms of cholera are caused by a toxin made by cholera. The social ecological model, shown in Figure 1, is a multilevel systems approach used in public. Always read and make sure to understand food labels-ignore natural: aflatoxins, arsenic, cyanide are all natural. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical. Take, for example, the popular foot detox bath IonCleanse. Find 12 different ways to say TOXINS, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus. Gillaspy, J. 8 kb. This inclusion effectively marked Coley’s toxins as beyond the pale among mainstream cancer researchers. Trichothecenes (TCT) are groups of chemically related mycotoxins compounds produced by diverse filamentous fungal species such as Fusarium, Myrothecium, Stachybotrys, Trichoderma, Trichothecium, and Spicellum, which pose a threat to human and animal health [1,2]. This occurs primarily during deep sleep. Increased awareness and improved recognition of pertussis among clinicians. For one mother, becoming a living organ donor was the least she could do to help save a life in the same way her daughter’s life was saved. A toxin is a chemical substance which damages an organism. Causative toxins are the cyclic dodecadepsipeptide. These pretty flowering plants contain toxins that may cause vomiting, diarrhea, coma, and potentially even death. For botulinum toxin- SV2. Your skin may also become very pale as a result of the poisoning and you may feel unwell or sick to your stomach. Abdominal pain in the upper right portion of the abdomen. Obligingly, your pores dilate and your skin is soon slick with perspiration. . “You cannot sweat toxins out of the body,” Dr. Coroners Service Tuesday. Introduction. 1 It is a Gram positive spore-forming anaerobe and is the causative agent of several antibiotic-associated diarrheal diseases that are induced by treatment with antibiotics or by. Advertised as a safe and relaxing way to. 00 EST Last modified. Stx is found in Shigella dysenteriae 1 and in some serogroups of Escherichia coli (called Stx1 in E. Directed by @momiamtalentedDOP @@unemo1Edit & Color @momiamtalentedVFX & 3D @tendichka03Erik Olson, a lawyer for the group who handles water and toxics, said fund-raising for toxic contamination issues was difficult even before the growing alarm over. coli strains produce a second type of Stx, Stx2, that has the same mode of action as Stx/Stx1 but that is antigenically distinct. Current targeted toxins are comprised of fusion proteins that contain a potent. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity). Vogelbaum, Christopher A. A. Mycotoxins in Foods. Here, the authors catalogue eCIS loci. Chlorpyrifos is just one of 12 toxic chemicals Landrigan and Grandjean say are having grim effects on fetal brain development. 1. Poisons are compounds that when ingested, absorbed, injected or inhaled cause disruption of normal body function usually through chemical reactions or activities on the molecular scale. Green scum produced by and containing cyanobacteria, washed up on a rock in California during an algal bloom. anthracis: lethal toxin (LT, composed of LF + PA) and edema toxin (ET, composed of EF + PA) [ 8 ]. Toxics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI. 7. The AB toxins are two-component protein complexes secreted by a number of pathogenic bacteria, though there is a pore-forming AB toxin found in the eggs of a snail. A substance becomes toxic at the dose which begins to damage an organism. Military plane stuck in Kaneohe Bay under 24-hour monitoring; still intact, no signs of fuel leaks. Table of Contents. This mycotoxin occurs predominantly in grains such as wheat, barley, oats, rye, and corn, and less often in rice, sorghum, and triticale. exercise regularly ( 1, 2 ). It publishes reviews, regular research papers, and short communications. aureus toxins damage biological membranes, leading to cell death. Our blood contains watery serum which contains nutrients to feed the cells, as well as blood cells (like white and red blood cells and platelets). Toxics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the incidence of diabetes has increased from 0. toxin: [noun] a poisonous substance that is a specific product of the metabolic activities of a living organism and is usually very unstable, notably toxic when introduced into the. Since gasoline can burn and its vapors can explode, gasoline is also hazardous. Bacterial toxins damage the host at the site of bacterial infection or distanced from the site of infections. Overview of the signal transduction portals (blue) modulated by bacterial, plant and animal toxins (orange). Early symptoms are similar to other infections but can progress quickly to become life-threatening. 2. Obesogenic compounds (fat-soluble toxins and heavy metals) make your fat cells grow bigger, damage both your mitochondria and the beta cells (insulin producers) in your pancreas. The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) is a resource for learning about toxic chemical releases and pollution prevention activities reported by industrial and federal facilities. Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) and tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) are the most potent toxins known and cause botulism and tetanus, respectively. A toxin is a naturally occurring organic [dubious – discuss] poison [1] produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms. TSS does not. Microbial toxins are toxins produced by micro-organisms, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, dinoflagellates, and viruses. After his father’s unexpected death from alcohol use disorder in 2017, evolutionary biologist Noah. e. Environmental toxins and Alzheimer's disease progression. The three components of the anthrax exotoxins, PA, LF, and EF, are individually non-toxic, but they pair to form the two major virulence factors of B. CONTRIBUTED CONTENT – Consistent exposure to toxins each day adds up for your child. Introduction. Pathophysiology. Aims. 53 MB (320 kbps). The first TFT, α-bungarotoxin, was discovered almost 50 years ago and. Prenatal PFAS exposures that disrupt metabolism and immunity may cause immediate and lasting effects on both mother and child. Toxins are very attractive to terrorists for use in acts of bioterrorism. Это подборка его 10 лучших песен, отобранных мною. 14. The following table lists the LD50 values for commonly used biological toxins: * Note that the LD 50 values are from a number of sources (see. It includes brand names and combination products, removing the need to identify individual ingredients and chemical entities. Low blood flow is the #1 brain imaging predictor that a person will develop Alzheimer’s disease. . The term is sometimes restricted to poisons spontaneously produced by living organisms (biotoxins). For example, the mechanism by which your cells obtain energy produces free radicals. aureus infects the host, it produces many different virulence factors that. fast. See examples of TOXIN used in a sentence. Toxins are the major pathogenicity factors produced by numerous bacteria involved in severe diseases in humans and animals. Smoking weed may expose you to the same type of toxic chemicals found in tobacco smoke, a new study finds. This is the meaning behind the statement “the dose makes the poison. 1146/annurev-biochem-013118-111654. 7 5-7 Aerolysin Mouse IV 7* Botulinum Toxin A Mouse IP 0. Certain Aspergillus species may. These toxins recognize a glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3/CD77) as their receptor and inhibit protein synthesis in c. Our endocrine. 2. Put the onion in the socks, making sure the onions are tight against the bottom of your feet. The possibilities and flavor combos are endless!#toxis @toxisss. split (. Saxitoxin (STX) is a potent neurotoxin and the best-known paralytic shellfish toxin (PST). anthrax toxin. The toxin was first discovered by Harry Smith in 1954. 2 days ago · The Food and Drug Administration advises consumers not to eat, and restaurants and food retailers not to sell and to dispose of oysters illegallyHypotension can cause shock, including the symptoms of dizziness and confusion. Liver enzymes such as ALT, AST, and GGT can be elevated or in the high-normal range with a higher toxic burden. . Unfortunately, there are certain types of environmental mycotoxins that are harder to identify and prevent. [1] They can be classified as Type III toxins because they interfere with internal cell function. Cytotoxin (CTX) is a basic polypeptide that belongs to the three-finger toxin family. Mushroom toxins are secondary metabolites produced by the fungus. The host typically responds by producing antibodies called antitoxin. parasiticus. Israel says no hostages will be released before Friday. The problem, of course, is that this is only the tip of the iceberg as the incidence of metabolic syndrome is even. The waste management system (called the glymphatic system) is a series of tubes that carry fresh fluid into the brain, mix the fresh fluid with the waste-filled fluid that surrounds the brain cells, and then flush the mix out of the brain and into the blood. Generation of toxins by a wide variety of organisms ranging from single cells (i. , chemicals, hormones, drugs), as well as social toxins (unemployment, inadequate safety, lack of access to education) and emotional toxins (fear, uncertainty, humiliation). An overload of toxins can lead to many cognitive problems like loss of memory, mood swings and foggy thinking or unable to think clearly. Personal care products. 5. 3 Ways Exercise Supports Your Body’s Detoxification Processes. The agreed-upon release of hostages held by Hamas will not happen until Friday at the earliest. The province's coroner on. Touted benefits among various foot detox purveyors include: Increased energy. limit alcohol consumption ( 1 ). Symptoms can vary from slight gastrointestinal discomfort to death in about 10 days. The exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), also called hormone disrupting chemicals, in the environment are ubiquitous. 8. While the emetic type, a food intoxication, manifests in nausea and vomiting, food infections with enteropathogenic strains cause diarrhea and abdominal pain. Determining the clinical significance of a toxin involves many factors, including the toxin's prevalence, virulence, and role in disease pathogenesis. The agreed-upon release of hostages held by Hamas will not happen until Friday at the earliest. Do this three times, and then get into bed for 30 minutes. Nausea, diarrhea, anemia, headache, and depression due to metal toxins. The blaze near the town of. In addition to or instead of Stx1, some E. On November 13, 2023, Taiwan notified the WTO of a new draft amendment for Sanitation Standards for Contaminants and Toxins in Food (G/SPS/N/TPKM/621). See examples of TOXINS used in a sentence. 24,1989 01:50 Nov. Start your day with lemon water. Sweet bell peppers 4. The fungi capable of producing TCT can be. Acute lead intoxication can produce nausea, abdominal pain, and vomiting. A flavonol naturally occurring in red wines may interfere with the body’s ability to metabolize alcohol, causing an accumulation of toxins that can lead to swift headaches,. Uremic toxins are classified into three categories: free water-soluble low-molecular-weight solutes, p. 10. use supplements. If you have any of. a poisonous substance, especially one produced by bacteria, that causes disease 2. Cognitive Problems. Artik, Asti. Many microbial toxins promote infection and disease by directly damaging host tissues and by disabling the immune system. Misleading products. Shiga-like toxin (SLT) is a historical term for similar or identical. 0011* Botulinum Toxin F Mouse IV 0. Further, any substance ingested in a sufficient quantity can likewise be toxic. A large class of chemicals that are very toxic to humans and cause seizures and convulsions are the pesticides and chemical warfare agents that inhibit the hydrolytic enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (BC 3. This can eventually disrupt or even kill neurons (nerve cells) which are important for transmitting and processing signals in the brain and other parts of the nervous system. When ingested by a horse in significant amounts, fumonisin causes a neurological condition in horses, equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM), also known as moldy corn disease. These three groups, along with a fourth category, radiation, are discussed below. The remainder of the so-called toxins in vaccines bring up exactly the same issues as highlighted here. Benzene. The hly gene on the S. Method 546: Determination of Total Microcystins and. 5, 6. Yellow skin or eyes () is a common sign of liver disease. A drop of sweat slides down the bridge of your nose and pools on your yoga mat. Information. Remember when black Friday was a major (one-day) event? We're opening up the vault to check out some black Friday history in Arizona. Many human prescription drugs have a significant potential to be toxic to small animals. Antitoxins are used to treat or prevent diseases such as tetanus, which is caused by biological toxins. 1. Exposure to even tiny amounts of toxic substances during critical developmental stages can have outsize effects. Carbon monoxide and cyanide toxicity are common causes of toxin-induced headaches. Copious studies show whole foods including cruciferous vegetables, berries, garlic, and spices like turmeric can help your body detoxify through various pathways. It’s been found in contaminated grains, such as wheat, rye, oat, and barley, and in coffee, grapes and wine. Approximately 70 of the chemicals in cigarettes are known to cause cancer. The theme revolves around a 1950s-obsessed adolescent falling asleep and dreaming of living in the revolutionary era, their description states. Only certain molds and fungi produce mycotoxins that can make you sick if. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, which causes progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. coli). These toxins are produced and secreted by actively growing cells. The first reason is that many biological toxins can be obtained very easily. Dry-brush your skin or try detox foot spas/foot baths to remove. Family and food: the two F's that Thanksgiving is all about. Only certain molds and fungi produce mycotoxins that can make you sick if. Eliminate avoidable toxins, mitigate the effects of those you can’t avoid, and enjoy a longer life with this essential health guide from a pioneer in integrative medicine, Dr. Here are 10 ways to get rid of toxins. Little, Brown Spark, $30. This toxin consists mostly of beta-sheets (68%) with only about 10% alpha-helices. aureus is defined by a large repertoire of virulence factors, among which secreted toxins play a preeminent role. Many of the chemicals being spread as sewage sludge are untested or can’t be assessed. An AMBER Alert has been issued for a missing 2-year-old in Harnett County, North Carolina. 1. I'm hoping we can use this discussion to allow members to share their chemical induced neuropathy journey to learn from each other and to raise awareness of the possible dangers. Read more. The majority of agricultural chemicals are. 4. Protectively they lubricate your eyes, remove irritants, reduce stress. Ingestion of saxitoxin by humans, usually by consumption of shellfish contaminated by toxic algal blooms, is responsible for the illness known as paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). 1. 9% in 1958 to 7. Botulinum toxins block nerve functions and can lead to respiratory and muscular paralysis. Among them, perfringolysin has been extensively studied and it is the paradigm. Detox Your Diet: Buy organic, and always wash your food: neurotoxic pesticide levels are way lower in children who get organic foods. Staph food poisoning is a gastrointestinal illness caused by eating foods contaminated with toxins produced by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (Staph) bacteria. Mild forms of toxic hepatitis may not cause any symptoms and may be detected only by blood tests. For Tetanus toxin- GT1 or GD1. Pertussis toxin is a secreted protein exotoxin and an important virulence factor produced exclusively by B. Toxicon: X. The virulence of S. Learn how you can decrease your toxin load and better support your organs in removing biologically harmful compounds associated with many diseases. Such toxins have two different roles in disrupting the plasma membrane of host cells. The left part of the figure highlights ionic channels and ionotropic receptors, which regulate. This diabetes epidemic is well demonstrated in Figure 1. – Sleep Problems – Decreased Libido – Weight gain / Obesity. get plenty of sleep ( 1 ). Подписывайся и не пропускай. In places where detection is not used, large outbreaks with high numbers of deaths (125Examples of A-B toxins include: Diphtheria exotoxin, produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae (inf). Hair loss. Endotoxins consist of lipopolysaccharide and lipoprotein complexes. Summary. Greater access to and use of laboratory. For the vast majority of those who refer to toxins, though, the word is used as a catch-all for any. Check nutrient markers, and also inflammatory markers like CRP-hs. The toxin binds to the channel of the protein and blocks the flow of sodium ions. Conventional Laboratory Tests That Correlate With Toxic Load. Environmental toxins aren’t just human-made, but they also naturally occur in the environment like arsenic, lead, mercury, radon, formaldehyde, benzene and cadmium. poison. Though environmental toxics affect us all, there’s a reason PRHE focuses on pregnant women and children, Woodruff adds. For comprehensive blood work, pay particular attention to kidney and liver markers. There are many toxins in food to consider avoiding, including pesticides, herbicides, and genetically modified organisms. They contain three functional domains responsible for receptor-binding, membrane translocation, and. These toxins can accumulate in fish and shellfish that feed on these algae. A variety of “detoxification” diets, regimens, and therapies—sometimes called “detoxes” or “cleanses”—have been suggested as ways to remove toxins from your body, lose weight, or promote health. These bacteria can produce the toxin in food. Botulinum toxin, one of the most poisonous biological substances known, is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Poisons are compounds that when ingested, absorbed, injected or inhaled cause disruption of normal body function usually through chemical reactions or activities on the molecular scale. The environmental metals cadmium, lead, and mercury, and chemicals such as pesticides, phthalates, and bisphenols, disrupt bone metabolism in many ways. 9. Cabbages 5. Today, on behalf of the Minister of Health, the Honourable Hedy Fry, along with the Honourable Sheila Malcolmson, British Columbia’s Minister of Mental Health and. In 2012, the last peak year, CDC reported 48,277 cases of pertussis. You’ll want to follow this 3-phase detox program, which involves a prep phase, body phase, and brain phase. The EC3 Candles whose mechanism is to aerosolize the citrus extracts into the air as they burn, were found to decrease known concentrations of mycotoxins in the air at 500 and 1000 parts per billion by 90% in 3 hours burn time. Traditional treatments for. Papayas 8. The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "Antitoxins", 5 letters crossword clue. Read Time: 4 Minutes. UAE. Purpose. Previous studies have found that the secondary metabolites of Bacillus subtilis BS-Z15 have broad-spectrum-inhibiting fungal activity,. An ionic foot detox is said to work by pulling the toxins out of your body through your feet. Toxins are very attractive to terrorists for use in acts of bioterrorism. Still other atoms and chemicals emit radiation, which has toxic effects on an organism. Since drinking gasoline can cause burns, vomiting, diarrhea and, in very large amounts, drowsiness or death, it is toxic. Toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules are ubiquitous gene loci among bacteria and are comprised of a toxin part and its cognate antitoxin part. com. Try to eat food labeled as USDA organic if you can. Because many substances are known to be poisonous to life (whether plant, animal, or microbial), toxicology is a broad field, overlapping with biochemistry, histology, pharmacology, pathology, and many other disciplines. S. You may vomit as a result of feeling nauseous or ill. His work has been published in peer-reviewed medical journals and he speaks at conferences around the globe. All reviews are expected to be concise, well organized, clearly written and highly relevant. Proven skin boosters. 24 Nov 2023. Sweat in a sauna so your body can eliminate waste through perspiration. Toxicon: X offers authors with high-quality research who want to publish in a gold open access journal the opportunity to make their work immediately, permanently, and freely accessible. A carcinogen is defined as any substance that can cause or aggravate cancer. An excess of toxins or overexposure to toxins can also cause symptoms similar to dementia, even in. Now, Harvard Medical School investigators have developed a machine learning approach using high-quality, large-scale animal model data that sheds new light on the biology of the liver and kidneys after toxin exposure. ”. Слушать музыку Toxi$ - DANTE онлайн или скачать бесплатно песню в mp3, на компьютер или телефон Android, iphone в хорошем качестве 4. Wild mushrooms. Even water and oxygen are dangerous to organisms at certain. However, applied research demonstrates that these seemingly dastardly microbial proteins aren’t all bad. The following is a list of symptoms that may indicate the presence of biotoxins or neurotoxins in your body: – Joint Pain – Muscle Pain – Chronic Headaches.